Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease, accompanied by pathological changes in hyaline cartilage and, later, in adjacent tissues, a joint capsule and a synovial shell.
The defeat is dystrophic and degenerative in nature, which leads to a change in the structure of joint tissues, the loss of their functionality.According to data from the same statistics, arthrosis is subject to 12% of the total population of the planet.From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease falls over people over 60.
Another 30-35% of cases of joint damage to this pathology are in patients aged 40 to 60 years.And about 3% have young people aged 20 to 40 years.
What is it?
In simple words, arthrosis is a chronic disease in which progressive degenerative changes develop in the joint due to a violation of metabolic processes.It is the most common joint pathology, is diagnosed in 6-7% of the population.With age, the incidence increases dramatically.
Most of the time, with arthrosis, small brush joints are involved in the pathological process (in women 10 times more often than in men), the foot thumb, the intervertebral joints of the thoracic and cervical spine, as well as the knee and hip joints.Arthrosis of knee and hip joints occupies a prominent place in terms of gravity of clinical manifestations and a negative effect on quality of life.
Arthrosis is characterized by a comprehensive damage to articular and auxiliary devices:
- Condrites - Inflammatory changes in the articulation cartilage;
- Osteitis - involvement in the pathological process of the subject's bone structures;
- Synovitis - Internal shell inflammation of the joint capsule;
- BURIT - Defeat of Sperion Sacolas;
- Reactive inflammation of soft tissues (muscles, subcutaneous fiber, ligament apparatus) located in the projection of the joint involved (periarticular inflammation).
The disease is detected in 2%of people under 45, 30%-from 45 to 64 years old and 65 to 85%in 65 years or more.The greatest clinical importance, due to its negative impact on the standard of living and the capacity of patients, is arthrosis of large and medium joints of the limbs.
Types of arthrosis
Depending on the cause of the pathological process, primary, secondary and idiopathic arthrosis is distinguished within the articulation.
Primary develops as an independent, secondary disease as a result of an injury or infection, and the cause of idiopathic form is not known.In addition to the classification of the disease, depending on the cause of the pathological process, arthrosis is distinguished in the place of location of destructive changes:
- Gonarthrosis is the most common type of pathology, characterized by damage to knee joints.Most of the time, gonarthrosis is detected in overweight people with chronic metabolic diseases in the body, weak immunity.Knee arthrosis progresses for a long time and gradually leads to a complete loss of motor function.
- Shoulder articulation arthrosis is the main cause of degenerative processes in this area are congenital abnormalities of shoulder joint development or excessive loads in this area, for example, when using heavy shoulder treasures.
- Ankle arthrosis - The main causes of the development of degenerative processes in the ankle joint suffer injuries, travel, stretching, fractures.In some cases, the development of the pathological process can cause an autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis.Ankle arthrosis is prone to dancers, women using high heels, athletes.
- UN -Koarthritis or arthrosis of the cervical region - the causes are neck injuries, progressing osteochondrosis, obesity, inactive lifestyle.At risk, people working on the computer are in offices.In addition to intense neck pain, patients pronounced dizziness, inhibition of consciousness, impairment of memory and fatigue.These symptoms are due to the compression of the vertebral artery through which nutrients and oxygen enter the brain.
- COKSARROSIS OR Hip Articulation Arthrosis - The main cause of occurrence is the age -related changes in joint tissues.At risk, people over 45 years old.
- Osteoarthritis of the fingers - develops for the same reason as spondylartrosis.
- Polyrtrosis - characterized by damage to multiple joints with progressive degenerative processes in them, while tissue ligaments, muscles and joints are involved in the pathological process.
- Spondylartrosis - Destructive destruction is subject to tissues in the spine spine, namely its lower back.In the risk group of a woman during the occurrence of menopause, as spondylartrosis progresses against the bottom of a female sex hormone deficiency.
The causes of arthrosis
Arthrosis formation is facilitated by two causes - the load and absence of complete nutrition that provides vitamins, tissue restoration minerals.The joints of each person carry a load.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, the feet load is larger, which means that bone joints wear out faster and require high quality nutrition.With a calm lifestyle, the support device wears out slower, but also requires periodic tissue renewal.
Therefore, the main condition for joint destruction and deformation is lower nutrition, failure to dismantle useful components, which usually occurs in case of metabolic disorders.
We list the factors that contribute to the wear of joint compounds and metabolic disorders:
- Muscle weakness and inadequate joint load.The weakening of one or more muscles increases the load in the joint and distributes it unevenly within the bone compound.Incorrect muscle load is also formed for flat feet, scoliosis, therefore, with these "harmless" diseases with age and the tissues of the wear and tear cartilage, arthrosis appears.
The probability of arthrosis increases with strong physical effort.
If daily loads exceed the resources of bone tissues, the microtraums will be formed in them.Speakings appear in injury places, which over time grow and deform articulation;
- Metabolic disorders (gastrointestinal disease - bile stagnation, dysbiosis, gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, metabolic disease - diabetes);
- Psychosomatic Causes - Psychosomatic arthrosis confirms that the cause of the disease becomes a negative emotional state.Stress forms muscle spasm, constant stress interrupts the nutrition of all tissues (internal organs, bones, joints);
- Heredity (the type of metabolism is inherited and its possible violations, a tendency to muscle weakness or incorrect formation of bone apparatus, poor digestion - which is the basis for the development of arthrosis in old age).
Arthrosis is a disease of spent joints that have lost a significant supply of mineral substances and the ability to neutralize cargo and destruction.Therefore, with age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with every second retired.As the maximum load falls on the feet (one person moves - walks, remains, runs, jumps), this is where the first signs of arthrosis are formed.
The disease progression mechanism
When any of the causes that cause roar disease with arthrosis appears, pathological processes begin to develop in it.The mechanism of its progression is not fully studied, but the main stages of official medicine are known.
At the early stage, the cartilage tissue structure and abnormal changes in synovial fluid occurs.All of this continues due to violations of metabolic processes in which joint tissues do not receive the necessary components in sufficient quantities or deprived of some of them.
Then the elasticity of collagen fibers and cartilage flexibility are lost due to the fact that, with the lack of nutrients, hyaluronic acid has no time to produce the softness and flexibility of the structural composition of collagen fiber.The cartilage gradually dries, becomes brittle and cracks.The liquid in the synovial capsule is gradually exhausted and subsequently disappears completely.
In cartilage fabric, roughness, solid bone neoplasms are formed.At the same time, the deformation of other joint tissues develops, their pathological degeneration, dystrophy and loss of physiological activity.For the patient, these changes mean the appearance of pain, lameness and immobility of the joint.
Arthrosis symptoms
Arthrosis is not characterized by acute clinical picture, changes in the joints are progressive, growing slowly, which manifests itself by a gradual increase in symptoms:
- pain;
- Periodically on the affected joint;
- joint deformation that appears and increasing as the disease progresses;
- stiffness;
- Mobility restriction (reducing the volume of active and passive movements in the affected joint)
Pain in arthrosis is transitory stupid, appears when moving against the bottom of an intensive load until the end of the day (it can be so intense that it does not allow the patient to fall asleep).The constant and non -cold nature of pain for arthrosis is not characteristic and indicates the presence of active inflammation (subcondral bone, synovial membrane, ligament apparatus or periarticular muscles).
Most patients observed the presence of initial pains that occur in the morning after waking up or after a long period of inaction and passing during motor activity.Many patients define this condition as the need to "develop a joint" or "disperse".
Arthrosis is characterized by morning rigidity, which has a clear location and is short -term (no more than 30 minutes), sometimes perceived by patients as a "feeling of jelly" in the joints.Perhaps a feeling of touching rigidity.
With the development of reactive synovitis, the main symptoms of arthrosis come together:
- Pain and local temperature increase determined by palpation of the affected joint;
- constant nature of pain;
- Increased joint by volume, swelling of soft tissues;
- Progressive reduction in the volume of movements.
Stages and degree of arthrosis
During the disease, medicine distinguishes three stages that have differences in signs of the disease, the intensity of damage and location.At the same time, differences in the three stages are related to types of tissues that undergo pathological changes.
- The first degree of development of joint arthrosis is the initial phase of the disease.It is characterized by slight cartilage tissue injury and the loss of physiological functions in collagen fibers.At the same time, at the first stage, small morphological disorders of bone tissue and structural changes in synovial fluid are observed.The articulation cartilage is covered with cracks, the patient has mild pain in the place of location of the pathology.
- The second degree is the development of arthrosis with an increase in dynamics.This stage is characterized by the appearance of stable pain, chroma.Notable morphological and dystrophic cartridges of cartilage are observed during diagnosis, bone growths are revealed.Osteophytes are formed - bone growths that are visible during a visual examination of the place of destruction.At the same time, degenerative changes in synovial capsule occur, which leads to their structural depletion.The disease at this stage can usually aggravate and be regular.The pain gradually becomes constant.
- The third degree is active progression.At this stage, synovial fluid is almost completely absent due to its degeneration and abrupt bone tissues on each other.Joint mobility is almost completely absent, the pain becomes more tangible.Cartilage tissue is also absent due to degenerative and atrophic changes.Treatment of the third degree of articulation of the joints is considered impractical.
In addition to these three degrees of development of the pathology, there is a final stage - irrevocable destruction of all articular tissues.At this stage, it is impossible not only to perform productive therapy, but even remove pain syndrome.
The inflammatory process usually begins with a second degree of damage, in rare cases, in the absence of medical intervention - in the first stage.Subsequently, it becomes more difficult to stop it, and this can lead to secondary pathologies, the development of pathogenic microflora at the disease location site.
To exclude serious consequences, treatment should start from the first degree and the use of intensive care methods.In the last stage associated with the complete destruction of cartilage tissue, only one methodology is allowed to walk in the patient of pain and immobility of the joint - endoprostrate with complete or partial replacement of joint components.
Consequences
The consequences of premature treatment and joint arthrosis are full of complications such as:
- inability;
- deformation without the possibility of recovery;
- the appearance of vertebrates;
- an inactivity or immobility of the articulation;
- Reducing quality and standard of living.
The chronic course, in addition to these complications, is accompanied by intense and frequent pain, the complete destruction of the structural components of the joint, discomfort, inability to do physical work and play sports.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of arthrosis is based on the evaluation of anamnetic data, characteristic manifestations of the disease, results of instrumental research methods.Indicative changes in general blood and biochemical examinations for arthrosis are not characteristic, they appear only with the development of an active inflammatory process.
The main instrumental method for diagnosing arthrosis is radiography, in poorly clear diagnostic cases, computed tomography or magnetic refusal is recommended.
Arthrosis of knee and hip joints occupies a prominent place in terms of gravity of clinical manifestations and a negative effect on quality of life.
Additional diagnostic methods:
- Attractive arthroscopy;
- Ultrasound (evaluation of joint cartilage thickness, synovial shell, condition of joint bags, presence of fluid);
- Scintigraphy (bone tissue state assessment of bone that form the joint).
How to treat arthrosis?
It is better to treat articulation arthrosis at an early stage, the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.Its essence is to remove the causes that contribute to the development of this disease, it is also necessary to eliminate inflammatory changes and restore the functions that were lost earlier.
The treatment of arthrosis is based on several basic principles:
- Saturation of the oxygen joint, or intraarticular oxygenotherapy so called.
- Drug therapy.
- Intra -focage block, as well as metapifiz decompression.
- Rational approach to nutrition.
- Damaged joints should be eliminated from excessive load.If possible, during treatment, it should generally be reduced to a minimum.
- Following the established orthopedic regime.
- Physiotherapy exercises classes.
- The passage of physiotherapy, which includes a magnet and electrotherapy, shock wave and laser therapy.
- Sanatory treatment.To do this, it is necessary once a year, on the recommendation of a doctor, undergoes treatment of the course in specialized resorts.
Preparations for the treatment of arthrosis
The drug treatment is performed in the phase of arthrosis exacerbation, selected by a specialist.Self-medication is unacceptable due to possible side effects (for example, the negative effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric mucosa).
The therapy includes the goal of such medicines:
- Anti -inflammatory drugs.Initial arthrosis therapy is comprehensive, you can slow down the course of the disease and widely improve quality of life.It is worth living in more detail at some points of treatment.In particular, drug therapy includes early stage - this is pain removal as well as the elimination of inflammatory processes that occur in the joints.For this, all doctors use non -esteroid anti -inflammatory drugs.Experienced doctors do not recommend their oral use as these medications widely irritate the stomach walls.Therefore, depending on the chosen drug, intravenous or intramuscular administration is used.Sometimes, as auxiliary means, NSAIDs are used in the form of ointments, but their absorption is extremely low, so it is not possible to have a significant effect.
- Hormonal corticosteroids.When arthrosis is at the stage of exacerbation, hormonal corticosteroids are advisable.They are inserted in the joint.Externally, you can use a special patch, ointment or tincture, which are made based on burning pepper.
- CondoProtectors designed to restore cartilage and improve the high quality composition of synovial fluid will not be superfluous.The course lasts a very long period so far until improvement.However, if the expected effect does not appear over a half -year trick, medicines should be canceled.Also intra -rapid, along with chondroprotectors, it is advisable to use hyaluronic acid -based medications.They contribute to the formation of a cell membrane responsible for the formation of a joint cartilage.
Physiotherapeutic treatment
To stop pain, reduce inflammation, improve microcirculation and eliminate muscle cramps of the patient with arthrosis, is directed to physiotherapy:
- In the exacerbation phase.Prescribe laser therapy, magnetotherapy and ultraviolet irradiation,
- In the remission phase.Electrophoresis and phonophoresis are shown.
In addition, thermal procedures, sulfide, radon and sea baths are used.To strengthen the muscles, electrical stimulation is performed.A soft massage can also be used in the remission phase.
Surgical treatment
With the ineffectiveness of these exposure methods, in the presence of complications, it recalls the surgical treatment of arthrosis:
- Metapifiz decompression and prolonged intraosseous blocks (decreased intraosseous pressure in the affected area);
- Corrective osteotomy;
- Actoprothetic of the joints.
In the early stages of the disease, the mechanical, laser or cold debate (softening the surface of damaged cartilage, the removal of non -viable areas is used).This method effectively interrupts pain syndrome, but has a temporary effect-2-3 years.
Popular remedies
Most people in our time do not want to take pills or make injections.So they are wondering - how to cure arthrosis with the help of folk medicine?Most of the time, these funds aim to increase body tone, improve blood circulation, relieve pain and increase immunity.
For the treatment of this disease, these traditional medicine recipes are used:
- The egg solution is prepared from fresh egg yolk, which is mixed with terebintin and apple vinegar in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. The liquid must be mixed completely and threatens it with the joint affected all night.Then you need to wrap everything with a wool scarf.It is recommended to perform friction for 1 month 2-3 times a week.
- The pharmacy is bought by the root of Eleasil.As a rule, he faces 50 g packages.For the preparation of the tincture, it will be necessary half a package of plant roots and 150 ml of high quality vodka.The ingredients are mixed, placed in a dark bottle and insisted for 12 days.Fights are performed before bed and, if possible, in the morning.
- The use of cooked oats also provides good results.Take three or four spoons of oats, pour boiling water and cook over low heat for five to seven minutes.The amount of water used should ensure the receipt of thick porridge, which should be cooled and used as compaction at night.Use only recently cooked flakes.Yesterday's porridge for the compress is not suitable.
- Birch leaves, nettles and inflorescence of the Calêndula are taken in equal parts.As a result, you need to get two tablespoons.We folded the chopped collection resulting in a thermos, poured a liter of boiling water and left it at night.From the next morning, it is necessary to take half a glass of decoction four to five times a day.The course of taking this recipe is two to three months.
Bay leaf grain, rabban, garlic and rye grains are also considered effective.The treatment of arthrosis with folk remedies will be the most effective if you combine it with drug treatment.
Arthrosis
The basic principles of nutrition for arthrosis are reduced to the following points:
- Do not eat heavy foods at night so as not to cause an arthrosis attack.
- Eat fractionally.
- Constantly monitor weight in order to avoid increasing body weight,
And that means additional load in the painful joints. - When there is no exacerbation of the disease, walk after eating.
- The menu should be balanced, compiled with the assistant doctor.
There is absolutely no complaint about fish dishes - they can be used a lot, of course, in reasonable amounts.
- Do not forget the regular intake of vitamins with food.For patients with arthrosis, vitamins B are especially relevant
- An important role in the treatment of arthrosis is attributed to the cold man.This food will be a real deposit of stroke elements for the painful joints.The most important component in the cold is a collagen of natural origin.
- Vitamin B will help hemoglobin production.It can be "obtained" eating bananas, walnuts, cabbage and potatoes.It is worth taking the vegetation and the legumes.They will become a source of folic acid.The liver, mushrooms, dairy and eggs will be useful.They are rich in riboflavin.
Observing the physician's treatment regime, it can be achieved that the disease will retreat and damaged tissues will begin to recover.
Prevention
Arthrosis prevention begins with proper nutrition.It is necessary to try to reduce salt consumption as well as foods that can interrupt metabolism.This includes vegetables, greasy meat, alcohol.The diet includes cabbage, vegetables and fish.
For the prevention of arthrosis, it is necessary to participate in physical education classes, do -hot ups.If possible, it is better to spend several kilometers on foot.It is also important to monitor your weight and avoid weight gain as this will provide an additional load on inflamed joints.It is not recommended to take pills to lose weight as they can interrupt metabolism in the body.
Forecast
The forecast for life is favorable.The favorite of social prediction and work depends on the punctuality of the diagnosis and beginning of treatment, is reduced by squeezing the resolution of the issue of surgical treatment of the disease, if necessary.